Spring Data
When Spring Framework was created, in early 2000s, the only kind of database was relational database - Oracle, MS SQL Server, My SQL etc. In the last few years, there are a wide variety of databases that are getting popular - most of them not relational and not using SQL. Wide variety of terminology is used to refer to these databases. NoSQL, for example.
ORM frameworks (Hibernate) and specifications(JPA) were good fit for the relational databases. But, the newer databases, have different needs
Main modules
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Spring Data JDBC - Spring Data repository support for JDBC.
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Spring Data JPA - Spring Data repository support for JPA.
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Spring Data MongoDB - Spring based, object-document support and repositories for MongoDB
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Spring Data LDAP - Spring Data repository support for Spring LDAP.
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Spring Data REST - Exports Spring Data repositories as hypermedia-driven RESTful resources.